Which ancient Iranian myths are preserved in the Yashts?

The Yashts are a collection of 21 hymns within the Avesta that serve as a vital repository for ancient Iranian mythology. These texts are addressed to various yazatas (angels or lesser divinities) and contain significant references to ancient heroes and legendary kings.12

While many of the specific myths to which these hymns refer were well known to their original audience, they are now largely lost. However, the Yashts remain a primary source for the following:2

• Deities and Heroes: The hymns are dedicated to figures such as Mithra, Anahita, and Verethraghna. The Yasht to Anahita, for instance, details her martial traits and her role as a patroness of Iranian heroes and legendary rulers.213
• Mythological Figures: The texts mention various kings and heroes who later appear as semihistorical figures in Persian epic poetry, such as the Shāh-nāmeh.2
• Ritual Context: The Yashts also preserve myths related to the haoma cult, describing its significance and its use by various heroes of Iranian myth and legend.4

These hymns provide a window into a rich oral tradition that predates the written records of the Sasanian period.2