Which Afro-Peruvian movements and instruments influenced the zamacueca?

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Folklórico — Latin American dance Traditional Mexican *folklórico* dancers.

The zamacueca, a prominent 19th-century mestizo dance from Lima, was shaped by a blend of cultural influences. Its Afro-Peruvian heritage is specifically reflected in the following elements:

Movement: The dance incorporates characteristic Afro-Peruvian styles, including swinging and circling hip movements and rib cage contractions.1
Instrumentation: The music is accompanied by the cajón, a sizable wooden box that is struck with the hands to provide percussion.1

While these Afro-Peruvian contributions provided rhythmic complexity and expressive movement, the dance also features distinct Spanish influences, such as an upright body posture, the use of a handkerchief, and accompaniment by guitar or harp family instruments.1