Where was ancient Mesopotamia located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

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The Great Ziggurat of Ur in Iraq, a massive ancient brick structure with broad staircases and terraced levels, stands alone in a barren landscape. — Mesopotamian art and architecture Ziggurat at Ur (modern Tall al-Muqayyar, Iraq), constructed c. 2100 bce.

Ancient Mesopotamia, a name derived from the Greek word meaning "between rivers," was located in the region encompassing modern-day Iraq, as well as parts of Syria, Turkey, and Iran.12

The region is defined by the Tigris and Euphrates river system, which flows through southwestern Asia. Geographically, the area extends from the mountains of the Armenian Highland in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. It is bounded by the Arabian Desert to the west and southwest and the Zagros Mountains to the east.134

This fertile land served as the cradle for some of the world’s earliest complex societies, including Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria, which developed sophisticated traditions in art and architecture.412