When did written Mongolian literature first emerge from oral traditions?

Written Mongolian literature emerged from oral traditions in the 13th century. A significant early example is the Secret History of the Mongols, an anonymous chronicle detailing the lives of Chinggis Khan and his successor, Ögödei. Internal evidence suggests this work was composed no earlier than 1228, with some scholars proposing it may have been completed as late as 1252.1

While this chronicle represents the emergence of written literature, it incorporated various elements from oral traditions, including myths, legends, epic fragments, songs, and proverbs. Despite this early development, many other oral epic stories, known as üligers, were not formally written down until the late 1880s.12