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When did the Pop art movement emerge in Britain and the United States?

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Five Andy Warhol paintings of Campbell's soup cans, each labeled with a different soup variety, displayed in a row on a white wall at Museumsquartier in Vienna. — Pop art *Campbell's Soup Cans*, polymer paint on canvas by Andy Warhol, 1962; a selection of five on display in the Museumsquartier, Vienna.

The Pop art movement emerged in Britain and the United States during the mid-20th century, though the two regions developed the aesthetic in different ways and at different times.

Pop Art in Britain

The movement began in Britain as a form of academic inquiry. Between 1952 and 1955, the Independent Group—a collective of artists, architects, and design historians—met at the Institute of Contemporary Art in London to explore the relationship between "high" art and popular culture. This intellectual foundation established the first generation of British Pop, which later expanded in the early 1960s with a second generation of artists emerging from the Royal College of Art.12

Pop Art in the United States

Pop art in the United States developed later, gaining prominence around 1962–1964. While its arrival was preceded by the assemblages of artists like Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns and the performance-based Happenings of the late 1950s and early 1960s, the movement as a distinct, brash ethos became fully established by the mid-1960s.12