Britannica Sources used in this answer

What kinds of objects were included in the Ziwiye treasure?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

The Ziwiye treasure, discovered in a 7th-century BCE hilltop fortress in Iranian Kurdistan, consists of a collection of masterfully crafted gold objects. These items include:

  • An elaborate pectoral ornament
  • A bracelet featuring lions' heads
  • A torque (rigid necklace) adorned with lions' heads
  • A ram's head rhyton (drinking vessel)
  • Daggers
  • Various enrichments for furniture

These objects exhibit a diverse range of artistic styles, reflecting influences from Assyria, Syria, and Egypt, and are believed by some scholars to have belonged to a Scythian chief who held temporary rule over the Mannaean state.1