What is the connection between Korean masked plays and communal ceremonies?

Korean masked plays are deeply rooted in communal ceremonies, serving both religious and social functions throughout history. Historically, masks were used in rituals to impersonate and placate spirits, with performers—often shamans—dancing to cure illnesses or influence daily life.12

During the Koryŏ period, masked plays were integral to major court festivals, such as the Feast of Lanterns, where they were performed to honor local spirits and ensure peace and harmony. Even as these performances evolved into secular entertainment, they retained ceremonial elements. For example, in traditional folk masked plays like the sandae, performances may still be conducted as rainmaking rites or include scenes featuring offerings to the gods and funeral services intended to bring absolution.213

Furthermore, the ritual significance of the masks themselves persists; in some village traditions, masks are burned and recreated annually to maintain their ritual purity. While these plays eventually incorporated social satire to critique corruption, their connection to communal life remains tied to these foundational religious and ceremonial practices.32