What is an I novel in Japanese literary tradition?

An "I novel" (watakushi shōsetsu) is a genre of 20th-century Japanese literature characterized by self-revealing narration, in which the author typically serves as the central character.12

Emerging from the naturalist movement, the term encompasses two primary styles:
* Confessional novels: These involve prolonged, often self-abasing revelations by the author.1
* "Mental attitude" novels: These focus on the writer’s internal thoughts or attitudes regarding everyday life events.1

The genre is noted for treating autobiographical material with intelligence and stylistic beauty, though it is often criticized for lacking traditional plot invention. Shiga Naoya is considered the most influential figure associated with this form, and his commanding presence helped ensure that the I novel was highly respected by critics of the prewar period. Other notable writers in the tradition include Kasai Zenzō, Kamura Isota, and Uno Kōji.21