What features distinguish Persian mosque architecture?

Persian mosque architecture is distinguished by several iconic structural and decorative features that evolved significantly during the Seljuq period. Key characteristics include:12

• Eyvāns: These large, vaulted halls or niches, typically open on one side, serve as a primary compositional element. A hallmark of the Persian style is the four-eyvān plan, where these halls open onto a central courtyard, effectively centralizing the building's layout.132
• Domes and Vaulting: Persian architects excelled in baked-brick vaulting. They developed the double-dome technique, which allowed for greater exterior height and visibility without adding excessive weight or complicating interior decoration.1
• Minarets and Gateways: Tall, slender minarets are characteristic of the region, often serving as landmarks. Additionally, the pīshdāq—a formal, monumental gateway—is used to emphasize the importance and presence of the structure.1
• Structural Decoration: Decoration is deeply integrated with the architecture. This includes the use of brickwork for complex geometric patterns, stucco for wall surfaces, and, from the 12th century onward, the application of glazed tiles (faience) to highlight structural contours.14
• Tapered Pillars and Arcades: Persian mosques often feature tapered brick pillars and expansive arcades.4