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What are the three principal melodic modes used in pansori?

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See and hear a man play a Korean buk — pansori Learn about the Korean *buk* (double-headed barrel drum) by watching and listening to a man play the type of *buk* that accompanies *pansori* narrative singing.

In pansori, the melodic framework—or jo—is primarily defined by three distinct modes. These modes utilize an anhemitonic pentatonic scale and are characterized by specific emotional associations that enhance the narrative performance.12

The three principal melodic modes are:

Kyemyeonjo: This mode is associated with a feeling of pathos.12
Ujo: This mode creates an atmosphere of magnificence and vigor.12
Pyeongjo: This mode embodies a sense of serenity.12

Each mode is distinguished by its unique contour, central pitch, and specific conventions regarding ornamentation and approach.1