How was the Forbidden City arranged along a north-south axis?

The Forbidden City is arranged along a strict north-south axis that serves as the central line for the entire complex, reflecting traditional Chinese architectural principles and geomantic practices.12

This layout is designed to convey imperial power and order through rigid symmetry. Key aspects of this arrangement include:2

• Southern Orientation: To honor the Sun, all major buildings within the complex, particularly those situated on the central axis, are oriented to face south.2
• Outer Court: The southern section contains the three main administration halls—the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony—which are positioned sequentially along the central axis atop a three-tiered marble terrace.32
• Inner Court: Moving north, the axis continues through the Inner Court, which houses the imperial living quarters, including the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquillity.32
• Symmetry: While the main halls are aligned on the axis, smaller palaces and auxiliary buildings are arranged symmetrically on either side, creating an integrated architectural whole.3