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How does the soloist’s exposition differ from the orchestra’s exposition in a Classical concerto?

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caricature of Antonio Vivaldi — concerto Caricature of Antonio Vivaldi, pen and ink on paper by Pier Leone Ghezzi, 1723; in the Codex Ottoboni, Vatican Library, Rome. The inscription below the drawing reads, “Il Prete rosso Compositore di Musica che fece L'opera a Capranica del 1723” (“The red priest, composer of music who made the opera at Capranica [College in Rome] of 1723”).

In a Classical concerto, the exposition is typically presented twice, creating a dialogue between the orchestra and the soloist. The primary differences between these two statements are as follows:

Orchestral Exposition: The first statement of the exposition is performed by the entire orchestra (the tutti). During this section, the music remains firmly rooted in the tonic (home) key.1
Soloist’s Exposition: The soloist enters for a second, more elaborate repetition of the exposition. This version is characterized by greater technical display and virtuosity, which are inherent to the soloist's role as an adversary to the orchestra. Crucially, while the orchestral exposition stays in the tonic, the soloist’s exposition introduces the expected modulation to a closely related key, such as the dominant.21

It is important to note that while this "double exposition" is a common textbook model, it was often treated with flexibility by Classical masters like Mozart and Haydn, who frequently varied the structure to suit the specific musical dialogue of the work.2