How does the fashion industry connect raw materials, designers, factories, retailers, and advertising?

The fashion industry functions as a global, interdependent system across four primary levels, all aimed at satisfying consumer demand for apparel.21

• Raw Materials: The process begins with the production of fibers, textiles, leather, and fur. Textile manufacturers work with fashion forecasters to develop fabrics that anticipate future trends.213
• Design and Manufacturing: Designers and manufacturers transform these materials into garments. Designers often work in teams to adapt trends into marketable products, while manufacturers—or contracted factories—handle the labor-intensive assembly, finishing, and packaging of goods.24
• Retailing: Once produced, garments are moved to retail outlets, such as department stores or online platforms, where they are sold to consumers.25
• Advertising and Promotion: Marketing and advertising bridge these levels by managing the flow of merchandise and establishing brand reputation. Marketers use data to provide feedback to designers, ensuring that the right products reach the right customers at the right time.25

These sectors are linked by global supply chains, where design, production, and sales often occur in different countries to maximize efficiency and profitability.24