How does the C clef show the position of middle C?

In musical notation, the C clef is a movable symbol that identifies the position of middle C by centering its focal point on a specific line of the staff.12

The clef indicates middle C based on its placement on the staff lines:

• Alto clef: Middle C is located on the middle line of the staff.1
• Tenor clef: Middle C is located on the second line from the top.1
• Soprano clef: Middle C is located on the bottom line.1
• Mezzo-soprano clef: Middle C is located on the second line from the bottom.1

By designating a specific line for middle C, the clef provides a reference point that allows a musician to identify the pitch of all other notes on the staff.13