How does tempera painting differ from oil painting?

Tempera and oil painting differ primarily in their binding mediums, drying times, and the resulting aesthetic qualities of the work.

Medium and Composition

• Tempera: Traditionally uses an emulsion of egg yolk thinned with water to bind dry pigments. It is a fast-drying medium that forms a tough, durable, and water-resistant film.12
• Oil Painting: Uses drying oils, such as linseed oil, as the vehicle for pigments. It is a slow-drying medium, which allows for greater flexibility in manipulation.34

Handling and Technique

• Application: Because tempera dries rapidly, it does not allow for the subtle tonal blending possible with oil paint; instead, artists typically use crosshatching with fine brushstrokes to create shading. In contrast, oil paint is highly plastic and responsive, making it ideal for blending tones, creating smooth gradations, and achieving a wide range of textural effects, from thin glazes to thick impasto.134
• Finish: Tempera paintings are known for their crisp edges, meticulous detail, and matte or satin finish. Oil paintings offer greater versatility, allowing for opaque, transparent, or translucent effects and a finish that can range from high-gloss to matte.13