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How does hard African elephant ivory differ from soft African elephant ivory?
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ivory carving
Kinugumiut Inupiat incised walrus ivory shaman's figure, c. 1890; in the National Museum of the American Indian, George Gustav Heye Center, Smithsonian Institution, New York City.
In the context of ivory carving, African elephant ivory is categorized into two primary types based on the elephant's geographic origin and physical characteristics.1
- Hard Ivory: Typically sourced from elephants in the western half of Africa, this variety is darker in color, more slender, and straighter in form. Internally, it is more brittle and exhibits more color than its counterpart.1
- Soft Ivory: Generally sourced from elephants in the eastern half of Africa, this type is characterized by an opaque white appearance and a somewhat fibrous texture. It is less brittle than hard ivory.1
It is important to note that the trade of ivory is heavily restricted due to the decimation of African elephant populations by poaching. Ethical standards and international law prioritize the protection of these endangered species over the commercial use of their tusks for decorative arts.1