How does a dot beside a note change its duration?

In musical notation, a dot placed to the right of a note head increases the duration of that note by half of its original value.1

It is important to distinguish this from a staccato mark, which is a dot placed above or below a note; a staccato does not change the duration in the same way but instead indicates that the note should be played with a short, crisp, and detached sound. Additionally, while a single dot increases a note's value by half, a double dot—consisting of two points placed after a note—augments the time value by three-quarters.23