How does Eddic poetry differ from skaldic poetry?

In the context of Icelandic literature, Eddic and skaldic poetry represent two distinct traditions that differ significantly in authorship, style, and structure.12

Key Differences

• Authorship and Subjectivity: Eddic poetry is anonymous and typically takes the form of objective, dramatic dialogues. In contrast, skaldic poets (skalds) were identified by name, and their work was generally descriptive and subjective, often focusing on the praise of kings, genealogies, and formal occasions.12
• Language and Diction: Eddic poetry is characterized by a simple, terse, and archaic style. Skaldic poetry, however, is highly ornamental, utilizing heiti (fanciful poetic nouns) and complex kennings (metaphorical circumlocutions) that often require deep knowledge of Norse mythology to interpret.12
• Metre and Form: Eddic poetry employs three primary metres—the epic, speech, and song measures—which are relatively free and variable. Skaldic poetry uses strictly syllabic metres, most notably the dróttkvætt (court metre), which features a precise syllable count and regular patterns of alliteration, internal rhyme, and assonance.31

While Eddic poetry focuses on mythological and heroic narratives, skaldic poetry serves as a vital historical record of the deeds of kings and contemporary life, despite its abstruse language.12