How do conjunct and disjunct melodic motion affect the shape of a melody?

In the context of musical form, melodic motion is a primary factor in shaping a melody, which is defined as a linear sequence of tones perceived as a coherent line. The way a melody moves—its contour—is determined by the relationship between its pitches.1

• Conjunct motion refers to melodies that move primarily by steps. This type of motion often creates a smooth, connected, and lyrical contour.1
• Disjunct motion involves the use of leaps between pitches. This motion creates a more angular or jagged contour and can be used to emphasize specific expressive points or dramatic shifts within a composition.1

Composers utilize these two types of motion to define the overall shape of a melodic line, which may rise, fall, arch, or undulate. By balancing conjunct and disjunct movements, a composer can control the tension and release within a musical phrase, ultimately contributing to the structural development and aesthetic character of the work.1