How did the right to own bronze ritual vessels change from the Shang dynasty to the Zhou dynasty?
During the Shang dynasty, the right to cast or possess bronze ritual vessels was originally confined to the royal house. Over time, this privilege was extended to local governors appointed by the ruler.1
As the Zhou dynasty progressed, the social landscape shifted significantly. The Zhou kings parceled out territory to feudal lords, who were then free to create ritual objects for their own courts. Eventually, the right to own and cast these vessels was claimed by the rulers of various feudal states and, ultimately, by anyone with sufficient wealth and power to do so. This democratization of access to bronze ritual objects reflected the broader political and social changes of the era, including the breakdown of the feudal system and the rise of a wealthy landowning and merchant class.21