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How did the puppet styles of wayang Djawa, wayang Melayu, and wayang Siam differ in Malaysia?
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Southeast Asian arts
Fresco of the Preaching Buddha at the Wet-kyi-in, Gu-byauk-gyi, Pagan, c. 1113.
In Malaysia, the three primary forms of shadow puppetry—wayang Djawa, wayang Melayu, and wayang Siam—are distinguished by their design, origins, and cultural influences.1
- Wayang Djawa: These puppets are identical to those found in Javanese wayang kulit, characterized by a highly stylized appearance, long noses, and two movable arms.1
- Wayang Melayu: These puppets feature only a single movable arm. They are considered less sophisticated in design than the Javanese form, suggesting they may either be a simplified, later development or a descendant of older Javanese puppets that predated the two-arm design.1
- Wayang Siam: Despite the name "Siamese," these puppets represent a Thai conception of characters from the Ramayana. Their costumes, headdresses, ornamentation, and facial features are modeled after the Thai khon tradition. While they are manipulated by a single seated puppeteer, the plays incorporate both Islamic and Thai elements, and the chief clown figure, Pak Dogol, is believed to be a distinct Malay creation that replaced the Javanese clown Semar.1
Performances may integrate these styles, accompanied by either gamelan or Thai musical instruments.1