How did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect Georgian publishing and theatre in the 1990s?

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Georgia experienced a period of severe instability characterized by civil war and economic collapse. These conditions crippled the nation's publishing and theatre industries, creating an environment in which literature struggled to flourish during the 1990s.1

The economic hardship left many writers destitute, effectively halting the professional output that had previously been supported by the Soviet state. It was not until the country began to stabilize in the mid-1990s under the leadership of Eduard Shevardnadze that writers were able to resume their work. The subsequent emergence of a more stable economy and a middle class following the 2003 Rose Revolution eventually provided the necessary foundation for publishers and theatres to operate effectively once again.1