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How did the Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258 affect the House of Wisdom?
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The Mongol sack of Baghdad in 1258 resulted in the total destruction of whatever remained of the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom) collection at that time.1
While the library had already seen a decline in its prominence and activity following the death of the caliph al-Ma'mun in 833, the 1258 invasion by the forces of Hülegü marked the definitive end of the institution. The siege was catastrophic for the city, leading to the execution of the last universally recognized Abbasid caliph, al-Musta'sim, and the widespread destruction of Baghdad's physical and cultural infrastructure. This event effectively concluded the era of the city as a central hub of the Islamic world, relegating it to a provincial center under the Il-Khanid dynasty.123