How did the Greek aulos differ from a modern oboe?

The ancient Greek aulos and the modern oboe are both double-reed instruments, but they differ significantly in their construction, playing technique, and historical context.12

• Configuration: The aulos was typically played in pairs (auloi), with the performer holding one pipe in each hand to sound them simultaneously. In contrast, the modern oboe is a single instrument played individually.34
• Playing Technique: Because the aulos required powerful blowing, players often used a phorbeia—a leather strap worn across the cheeks for support. Modern oboe playing relies on the control of the reed through the tension of the lips drawn in over the teeth.35
• Construction: The aulos was made of cane, wood, or metal with three or four finger holes. The modern oboe is a sophisticated orchestral instrument featuring a complex system of metal keys, pillars, and perforated plates that allow for technical dexterity across all keys, a development that evolved significantly from the 17th century onward.345
• Sound: The aulos was known for a loud, pungent sound, whereas the modern oboe is prized for its expressive, flexible, and specifically refined tone quality.46