How did Northwest Coast peoples use red cedar in art and technology?

The indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast relied heavily on the giant arborvitae (Thuja plicata), commonly known as red cedar, for both technological and artistic purposes due to the tree's abundance and ease of use.1

Technology and Construction

The trunks of these trees were essential for large-scale construction, as they could be split into planks or hollowed out to create canoes, containers, and various household items. A notable technique involved creating wooden boxes from cedar boards that were kerfed—cut nearly through transversely—and then steamed until the wood became flexible enough to be folded into shape.1

Artistic and Everyday Applications

Northwest Coast peoples utilized red cedar for a wide array of functional and ceremonial objects, including:
* Carved items: Dishes, spoons, ladles, canoe bailers, masks, rattles, and triggers for animal traps.1
* Monumental art: Large-scale works such as totem poles, housefronts, and interior house posts.1

Fiber and Weaving

The inner bark of the red cedar was also a vital resource. It was stripped and processed into long, ribbonlike strands used for weaving mats and baskets. Additionally, the bark could be shredded into flexible hanks to create rain capes or woven into robes for protection against the environment.1