How did Latin declamation develop during the first century BCE?

During the first century BCE, Latin declamation emerged as a significant rhetorical practice, evolving through the adaptation of Hellenistic techniques to the Latin language. While Roman education had long been influenced by Greek models, the formal teaching of rhetoric in Latin was initially established early in the century, notably with the appearance of the rhetorician Plotius Gallus in 93 BCE. Although this early initiative faced political opposition from conservative factions, the practice gained momentum toward the end of the century.12

The development of Latin declamation was closely tied to the work of Cicero, whose discourses provided Latin speakers with a standard comparable to the Greek orator Demosthenes. Furthermore, Cicero’s theoretical treatises helped establish a technical vocabulary in Latin, reducing the reliance on Greek manuals. By borrowing from Greek traditions, Latin declamation attained greater polish and artistry, eventually becoming a cornerstone of higher education. This rhetorical training, which focused on marshaling material and cogent expression, remained a prestigious pursuit even as the rise of the monarchy later diminished the public importance of political eloquence.213