How did Juvenal’s style of satire differ from Horace’s style?

The styles of Horace and Juvenal represent two distinct modes of satire, often categorized as "comical" and "tragical" satire, respectively.1

The Horatian Style

Horace adopted the persona of an urbane, unpretentious man of the world. His approach was defined by:1
* Tone: He favored mild mockery, playful wit, and irony over harshness.1
* Intent: He sought to address human folly without malice, aiming to laugh at the nonsense he observed rather than express rage.1
* Method: His verse was flexible and conversational, often incorporating self-revelation to critique society while avoiding the role of a prosecutor.12

The Juvenalian Style

Writing more than a century later, Juvenal viewed the satirist’s role through a lens of moral indignation. His style was characterized by:1
* Tone: His work is marked by intense anger, frustration, and a declamatory manner.1
* Intent: He perceived Roman society as so deeply corrupt that satire was a necessary response to the triumph of vice.1
* Method: Juvenal utilized powerful invective and a "lofty tone," at times elevating satire to the intensity of tragedy. His writing is noted for its brilliant, often brutal, eye for detail and trenchant, epigrammatic power.132