How did Jean-Baptiste Lully's court orchestra differ from earlier instrumental groups?

Jean-Baptiste Lully’s court orchestra was distinguished by its specific instrumental composition and its role in establishing a more standardized ensemble compared to earlier groups. While early 17th-century ensembles, such as those used by Claudio Monteverdi, were often highly variable in size and makeup, Lully’s orchestra was primarily dominated by stringed instruments.1

Lully expanded this core string foundation by integrating woodwinds, specifically oboes and bassoons, and occasionally incorporating flutes and horns. This shift toward a more consistent, string-led ensemble provided a structural template that influenced the development of the modern symphony orchestra. By exercising strict control over French court music, Lully ensured that his instrumental groups maintained a cohesive style that was widely imitated throughout Europe.12