How did Eduardo Paolozzi combine sculpture with popular-culture imagery?

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Five Andy Warhol paintings of Campbell's soup cans, each labeled with a different soup variety, displayed in a row on a white wall at Museumsquartier in Vienna. — Pop art *Campbell's Soup Cans*, polymer paint on canvas by Andy Warhol, 1962; a selection of five on display in the Museumsquartier, Vienna.

Eduardo Paolozzi, a key member of the British Independent Group, bridged the gap between traditional sculpture and the burgeoning Pop art movement through his unique artistic approach.

Initially known for his brutalist bronze-cast sculptures that shared stylistic connections with the ravaged figuration of artists like Jean Dubuffet, Paolozzi maintained a deep interest in both sculpture and popular culture. He famously lectured to the Independent Group in 1952 regarding his extensive collection of American science-fiction and pulp magazine imagery. As the Pop art movement gained momentum, he synthesized these two interests by developing an iconography centered on robots, effectively integrating mass-culture themes into his sculptural practice.12