How did Cubism, Constructivism, De Stijl, Futurism, and Surrealism influence Modernist graphic design?

Modernist graphic design between the world wars was profoundly shaped by avant-garde art movements, which provided the formal vocabulary for a new, functional visual language.1

• Cubism and Futurism: Designers like E. McKnight Kauffer adapted the elemental symbolic forms of these movements to create graphics with the immediacy required for fast-paced urban environments. Cassandre utilized Cubist-derived figurative geometry and modulated planes of colour to revitalize poster design, integrating lettering with imagery into unified compositions.1
• Constructivism and De Stijl: These movements, alongside Suprematism, introduced an austere visual language that revolutionized page layout. Designers rejected ornament in favor of geometric alignments, asymmetrical compositions, and elemental sans-serif typefaces. El Lissitzky exemplified this through dynamic, symbolic compositions, while the Bauhaus synthesized these ideas into a functionalist philosophy, emphasizing clarity of information and visual hierarchy.1
• Surrealism: Along with other avant-garde experiments, Surrealism contributed to the expressive approaches and new organizational methods of visual space that defined the Modernist era.1

These influences culminated in the postwar International Typographic Style, which codified these Modernist principles into a rational, grid-based system of objective communication.2