How did Carlos Drummond de Andrade use satire and everyday speech in his poetry?

Carlos Drummond de Andrade is widely recognized as a central figure in 20th-century Brazilian poetry. As a key participant in the Modernismo movement, he helped break away from traditional Portuguese academicism by incorporating colloquial Brazilian speech and unconventional syntax into his work.12

Andrade utilized satire to critique bourgeois norms and the stifling routines of middle-class urban life. His poetry often adopted an ironic tone to explore the struggles of modern individuals—particularly urban residents—as they navigated a world that often felt meaningless or crushing. By employing a voice rooted in everyday Brazilian language, he bridged the gap between high art and the experiences of the people, earning him the reputation as a "poet of the people". His work, such as the well-known poem "José," exemplifies his ability to capture the boredom and existential frustration of the common urban dweller through accessible, yet deeply resonant, language.12