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How did Bertolt Brecht use drama to criticize social injustice?

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Take a look at George Bernard Shaw speaking on the marvels of Movietone — satire George Bernard Shaw speaking about the novelty of technology; excerpt from a Hearst Metrotone newsreel (c. 1930). (29 sec; 2.6 MB)

Bertolt Brecht utilized drama as a powerful tool to criticize social injustice by developing epic theatre, a didactic form designed to appeal to the audience's intellect rather than their emotions. Influenced by Marxist convictions, Brecht sought to expose the contradictions of societal relationships and historical development.123

To prevent spectators from becoming passively absorbed in the illusion of reality, Brecht employed the alienation effect (Verfremdungseffekt). This technique used various devices to remind the audience they were watching a theatrical performance, thereby fostering a critical, objective frame of mind. Key methods included:324

Distancing Techniques: Using explanatory captions, projections, and actors stepping out of character to lecture or sing, which disrupted the narrative flow.3
Stylized Acting: Instructing actors to avoid emotional identification with their roles, instead using external gestures (gestus) to demonstrate social attitudes.12
Exposed Staging: Keeping stage lights and ropes visible to emphasize the artificial, man-made nature of the production.32

By stripping away the "seductive artifice" of traditional theatre, Brecht forced viewers to analyze the social environment presented on stage and draw their own conclusions about the real world.132