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How did Aeschylus change the structure of Greek tragedy?

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Map showing the chief cities of Ancient Greece and surrounding regions, including locations such as Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Delphi, Thebes, Troy, Olympia, Syracuse, and Ephesus, along with notable islands and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. — Greek literature A map shows the major regions and cities of ancient Greece.

Aeschylus fundamentally transformed Greek tragedy by shifting the focus from a static, chorus-dominated performance to a dynamic, plot-driven drama.1

Before his innovations, plays were limited to a single actor who could only interact with the chorus. Aeschylus introduced a second actor, known as the deuteragonist, which allowed for direct dialogue between characters. This change significantly increased dramatic tension and provided greater freedom in plot construction.1

As noted by Aristotle, Aeschylus reduced the role of the chorus, effectively making the plot the leading element of the play. Beyond these structural changes, he enhanced the theatrical experience by utilizing stage settings and stage machinery to create spectacular effects, while also designing costumes and training his choruses. Through these advancements, Aeschylus elevated Greek drama into a more sophisticated artistic and intellectual form.1