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How are stringed instruments used in Maghrib classical ensembles?

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Koto — stringed instrument A Japanese musician plucking the strings of a koto with the right hand to generate a pitch and pressing the strings with the left hand to alter the tone.

In the classical ensembles of the Maghrib—which primarily perform ancient Andalusian suites—stringed instruments play a central role, typically comprising a group of about a dozen musicians.1

These ensembles generally include:
* Violin and viola players: These instruments are common in the region, often referred to as kamanjās, though they are held vertically in keeping with traditional playing styles.12
* Oud players: The oud (a short-necked lute) is a foundational instrument. An oud player typically leads the ensemble, indicating the pitch, mode, mood, and tempo changes.1
* Rabab player: A traditional bowed instrument often featured in these groups.1

Musically, all string players perform the melody together. However, they do not play in strict unison; instead, each musician is expected to vary the melody individually through the use of ornaments and improvised passages. While these ensembles are rooted in the historical nawbah tradition, they may also include other instruments such as drummers, flutists, cellists, and occasionally a pianist.13