Why was myxomatosis used to control rabbit populations in Australia?

Myxomatosis was introduced to Australia in the early 1950s as a biological control measure to manage the population of European rabbits, which had become a severe pest after their introduction in 1859. These rabbits caused extensive agricultural damage and led to the decline or extinction of native Australian flora and fauna.1

The myxomatosis virus, which is naturally found in certain South American rabbits, was selected because it is highly lethal to the European species. The virus is transmitted among rabbits through direct contact and by vectors such as fleas and biting flies.2134

While the initial release of the virus was highly effective, killing approximately 99 percent of the rabbit population, its long-term success was limited. Over time, the rabbits developed immunity, and the virus became less virulent, necessitating ongoing research into additional biological and mechanical control methods.1