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Why do Iberian lynx populations remain threatened by roads, poaching, wildfires, and habitat loss?

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Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) — lynx Also known as the Spanish lynx or the Pardel lynx, the species bears a strong resemblance to the Eurasian lynx (*Lynx lynx*), but it may be distinguished by its smaller size; short, dark-tipped tail; and the presence of long, white, beardlike fur under its chin.

The Iberian lynx has made a remarkable recovery, moving from critically endangered to vulnerable status by 2024. However, the species remains threatened by several persistent factors:1

Roads: A significant number of individuals are killed annually by speeding vehicles, which remains a major source of mortality.1
Poaching: Despite legal protections, the species continues to face threats from human activities, including illegal poaching.1
Wildfires and Climate Change: These environmental factors pose ongoing risks to the stability of the lynx's remaining habitats.1
Habitat Loss: While conservation efforts have expanded available territory, the species still faces pressure from habitat destruction and fragmentation.1
Prey Decline: The Iberian lynx is a specialist predator that relies on the European rabbit for 80 to 100 percent of its diet. Major declines in rabbit populations—often caused by diseases—can lead to significant population drops for the lynx. Furthermore, low genetic diversity in the remaining populations leaves the species more susceptible to disease outbreaks.1