Which protacanthopterygian fish families live in the Southern Hemisphere?

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In the Southern Hemisphere, protacanthopterygian fishes—specifically those belonging to the order Osmeriformes and the superfamily Galaxioidea—are found in the freshwater environments of southern Africa, southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania.1

These fishes are classified into the following three families:

  • Galaxiidae: This family contains the most species (approximately 50) and possesses the broadest distribution, occurring in Africa, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania.1
  • Retropinnidae: This family consists of about six species native to Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania.1
  • Lepidogalaxiidae: This family includes a single species, the salamanderfish (Lepidogalaxias salmandroides), which is found in southwestern Australia.1

While various species of Salmonidae (such as rainbow trout and brown trout) have been widely introduced to these regions, they are not indigenous to the Southern Hemisphere.1