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Which plants provide fruit, seeds, and nuts for African gray parrots?

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Close-up of an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) showing its curved black beak, pale eye, and detailed grey feathers. — African gray parrot African gray parrot (*Psittacus erithacus*).

African gray parrots are largely frugivorous birds that consume a variety of seeds, nuts, and fruits from multiple plant genera. Key plants that provide these food sources include:

Bombax1
Ficus1
Macaranga1
Raphia1
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which the parrots show a special preference for1

In addition to these primary food sources, African gray parrots supplement their diet with flowers and bark.1