Which parrots nest in rock crevices or underground caves?

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While most parrots nest in tree cavities, several species are known to nest in rock crevices or earthen caves. Notable examples include:

  • Burrowing parrot (Cyanoliseus patagonus)1
  • Kea (Nestor notabilis)1
  • Night parrot (Geopsittacus occidentalis)1
  • Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)1
  • Rock parrot (Neophema petrophila), which specifically nests in holes in cliffs2

These species represent exceptions to the general rule that psittaciforms primarily utilize tree holes for reproduction.1