Which parent incubates eggs and raises chicks in jacanas, painted snipes, and phalaropes?

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Illustration of a crab plover (Dromas ardeola), showing a slender wading bird with long legs, a long pointed black bill, white head and underparts, and contrasting black wings and back. — Charadriiform Crab plover (Dromas ardeola)

In charadriiform birds such as jacanas, painted snipes, and phalaropes, the male is responsible for incubating the eggs and rearing the young.12

This behavior is associated with sex reversal, a system in which the female is typically larger and more brightly colored than the male and takes a dominant role in courtship and aggression. After laying their eggs, females of these species often leave the nesting grounds or show no further interest in the nest, leaving all domestic responsibilities to the male.123