Which ancestor gave rise to domestic pigeons and many city pigeon populations?

The ancestor that gave rise to both domestic pigeons and the feral pigeon populations found in cities worldwide is the rock dove (Columba livia).1234

Humans began domesticating the rock dove as early as 4500 BCE in ancient Iraq, initially keeping them in dovecotes as a source of food. Over centuries of selective breeding, this process resulted in numerous fancy breeds, racing pigeons, and utility strains. Feral city pigeon populations were subsequently established through the release and escape of these domesticated birds. Because they are naturally adapted to rocky cliffs and ravines, these birds readily adapted to urban environments, utilizing buildings and bridges as man-made nesting sites.3542