Where do mother moles make nests for their young?

Mother moles (family Talpidae) give birth to their young in nests constructed of dry vegetation. These nesting chambers are located within permanent, complex systems of galleries that the moles excavate underground, sometimes reaching depths of up to 4.5 metres (15 feet). While most species nest underground, the American shrew mole is a notable exception, as it is the only North American mole known to nest aboveground.1