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What other fossil remains besides teeth have been found for megalodon?

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Illustration of a female megalodon shark (Carcharocles megalodon) with a faint human scuba diver silhouette in the background for scale, highlighting the shark's massive size. Measurement bars at the bottom show 3 meters and 9 feet for reference. — megalodon Megalodon (*Carcharocles megalodon*) was a species of shark that lived during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (23.03 million to 2.58 million years ago).

Because sharks have skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone, their remains do not preserve well in the fossil record. Consequently, our understanding of the megalodon is primarily based on its abundant fossil teeth.123

Beyond teeth, the only other fossil remains discovered for the species are limited to two vertebral columns and a small number of individual vertebrae. These rare findings have been essential for scientists to estimate the shark's massive body size and physical proportions.341