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What does zygodactyl mean in the feet of cuckoos?
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Cuculiform
Body plans of representative Cuculiformes.
In the context of the bird order Cuculiformes, the term zygodactyl refers to a specific arrangement of the toes on the bird's feet.12
In a zygodactyl foot, the toes are arranged in pairs, with two toes directed forward and two directed backward. Specifically for cuckoos, this means the outer toe is reversed, pointing toward the rear. This anatomical structure is distinct from the more common "anisodactyl" arrangement found in many other birds, where three toes point forward and only one (the hallux) points backward.321
Beyond cuckoos, this "yoke-toed" configuration is also found in other bird groups, such as woodpeckers and parrots.2