What chambers are found in a mole’s permanent tunnel system?

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In the context of the mole, a mammal of the family Talpidae, the animal constructs complex, permanent tunnel systems that include two specific types of chambers:

  • Nesting chambers: Used for housing the mole, often containing nests made of dry vegetation.1
  • Storage chambers: Used for keeping food or other materials.1

These permanent galleries are typically excavated up to 4.5 meters (15 feet) underground. In addition to these chambers, some species, such as the European mole, may construct a large mound known as a "fortress," which also contains tunnel networks and these specialized storage and nesting chambers.1