Britannica Sources used in this answer

What body features help tree squirrels climb trunks and branches?

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black-tailed prairie dog — rodent Black-tailed prairie dog (*Cynomys ludovicianus*).

Tree squirrels possess several specialized physical features that enable them to navigate vertical tree trunks and slim branches with agility:

Claws: They have large, strong, curved, and very sharp claws that allow them to adhere to and navigate bark and other vertical surfaces.12
Flexible Ankle Joints: Their ankles can rotate, which is critical for descending trees headfirst; this allows the hind feet to splay flat against the trunk for stability.1
Feet and Pads: Tree squirrels have furred feet with bald soles that feature prominent, fleshy pads, providing better grip.1
Muscular Limbs: Their long, muscular limbs support their ability to scamper, run, and leap between trees.12
Body Structure: They have slender, lanky bodies that help them maintain a low center of gravity while climbing.13

These adaptations allow tree squirrels to move by alternating the use of their forelegs and hind legs, essentially hopping up a tree, and descending with a similar gait while keeping their heads downward.41