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How many toes do pigeons have, and how are they arranged?
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Columbiform
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia)
Most birds, including pigeons, have four toes. The basic avian foot is adapted for perching, with the first toe (the hallux) positioned to oppose the other three toes. This arrangement allows the bird to clasp a perch securely, as the tendons that bend the toes are structured to tighten automatically when the ankle is bent.1