How does the Spanish ribbed newt use its ribs for defense?

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Study an amphibious tiger salamander of the mole salamander family Ambystomatidae in its natural habitat — Caudata Tiger salamanders (*Ambystoma tigrinum*) are widespread across much of the United States. Although they are generally black with yellow blotches, bars, spots, or even stripes, some are lighter in colour or have olive markings. Tiger salamanders belong to the mole salamander family, Ambystomatidae.

The Spanish ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl) employs a unique and effective defense mechanism when threatened. It possesses sharp, rib-tipped barbs along the sides of its body that it can force through its own skin. These protruding ribs, combined with the newt's toxic skin secretions, serve as a potent deterrent against potential predators.1