How does coprophagy help rabbits get vitamins from food?

Rabbits are herbivores that rely on a specialized digestive process to maximize their nutrient intake from a diet high in cellulose.1

Plant material consumed by the rabbit accumulates in the cecum, a large chamber containing symbiotic bacteria. These bacteria break down complex plant fibers and synthesize essential B vitamins. This process results in the formation of soft, nutrient-rich feces.12

Through coprophagy—the instinctive act of consuming these specific droppings—rabbits ingest the bacteria-produced vitamins and other nutrients that were not absorbed during the initial passage through the digestive tract. Once re-ingested, this material is processed again in the stomach, allowing the rabbit to efficiently extract and absorb the vital nutrients required for its health.13