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How does an Indian cobra defend itself when threatened?

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When threatened, the Indian cobra (Naja naja) defends itself by adopting an upright posture, raising the top third of its body, and expanding its characteristic hood while hissing to deter potential threats.1

If the threat persists, the snake may strike to deliver venom through its fangs. Unlike some other snakes, cobras cannot retract their fangs, and their bite is highly dangerous, containing neurotoxins that can cause severe symptoms such as paralysis and respiratory failure in humans.12